Earliest Inhabitants
The Janjuas and Jats, who now hold the Salt Range and its northern plateau respectively.
Later Invaders
The Gakhars, who appear to represent an early wave of conquest from the west, and who still inhabit a large tract in the east of the District. While the Awans, who now cluster in the western plain, are apparently later invaders.
Casts & Clans
Urdu is the language spoken and understood by all. However majority of the people, especially those living in the city speak Punjabi. Hence Urdu is the main language spoken and understood by the people living in the cantonment. The educated elite living in Rawalpindi also understand and speak English.